I.Agency export,What is the basic process of accounting processing?

Agency export accounting must followThe "Three-Way Match" principle:

• Obtained within 7 working days after goods exportcustoms clearanceOrder
• Confirm foreign exchange receipt after payment collection
• Issue proforma invoice according to agency agreement

Example of typical accounting process (taking FOB price as example):

• When receiving customer advance payment:
  • Debit: Bank deposit - Foreign currency account
  • Credit: Advance from customers - XX customer
• After goods shipment:
  • Debit: Accounts receivable - Agency company
  • Credit: Main business income

What are the special requirements for foreign exchange income recognition?

According to Announcement No. 12 of SAFE in 2025:

• Payment collection period shall not exceed 12 months after export date
• Single transactions above $50,000 require submission of Export Payment Collection Statement
• For cross-border RMB settlements, the remark column on the customs declaration form must be marked with "CIPS".

Exchange rate handling points:

• adoptedSpot rate on transaction dateConversion
• Monthly exchange gain/loss adjustment required
• Recommended to use CFETS published middle rate

How to accurately account for agency export costs?

Cost accounting should distinguish direct and indirect costs:

• Direct costs:
  • Procurement cost (requires VAT special invoice)
  • Export tariff (applicable to taxable goods)
  • International transportation insurance fees
• Indirect costs:
  • Agency service fee (typically 1.5-3% of goods value)
  • Bank handling charges (SWIFT fee approximately $25-40 per transaction)
  • Document certification fees (e.g. CO certification)

What precautions should be taken for VAT declaration?

According to Announcement No. 3 of SAT in 2025 requirements:

• Export goodsApplicable zero tax rate
• Input tax must be accounted for separately
• The declaration period has been shortened to within 90 days after export

Tax refund calculation example:

• Assuming the tax-inclusive purchase price is 1.13 million yuan (13% tax rate)
• Refundable amount = 1.13/(1+13%)×13% = 130,000 yuan
• attention toExport tax refundHandling of differences between refund rate and levy rate

How to handle agency commissions in compliance?

Commission payment must meet three conditions:

• Signed written agency agreement
• Commission ratio not exceeding 5% of total contract value
• Obtain payment receipt issued by overseas company

Accounting treatment suggestions:

• Debit: Selling expenses - agency commission
• Credit: Bank deposit - foreign currency account
• Withhold and remit 6% VAT (if paying domestic agent)

How to prevent common risks in accounting processing?

2025 General Administration of Customs key audit areas:

• Discrepancy between customs declaration amount and foreign exchange receipt exceeding ±5%
• Export date later than foreign exchange receipt date
• Unit price fluctuations exceeding 20% for same product across different batches

Risk prevention suggestions:

• Establish export business ledger (recommended to use ERP system)
• Conduct regular "three-account reconciliation" for customs, taxation, and foreign exchange.
• Retain original documents for at least 10 years (electronic archives must be encrypted)